Identification of rare copy number variations reveals PJA2, APCS, SYNPO, and TAC1 as novel candidate genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Background There is a strong evidence for genetic factors as the main causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). To date, hundreds of genes have been identified either by copy number variations (CNVs) and/or single nucleotide variations. However, despite all the findings, the genetics of these disorders have not been totally explored. Methods Thus, the aim of our work was to identify rare CNVs and genes present in these regions in ASD children, using a high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization technique and quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach. Results Our results have shown 60-70 chromosomal aberrations per patient. We have initially selected 66 CNVs that have been further assessed using qPCR. Finally, we have validated 22 CNVs including 11 deletions and 11 duplications. Ten CNVs are de novo, 11 are inherited and one of unknown origin of transmission. Among the CNVs detected, novel ASD candidate genes PJA2, SYNPO, APCS, and TAC1 have been identified in our group of Lebanese patients. In addition, previously described CNVs have been identified containing genes such as SHANK3, MBP, CHL1, and others. Conclusion Our study broadens the population spectrum of studied ASD patients and adds new candidates at the list of genes contributing to these disorders.