The design of an acceleration sensor based active vibration control for an all-clamped stiffened panel with boned piezoelectric patches is studied. The problem of unmodeled error, harmonic effect and acceleration sensor noise, which degrade the performance of the system or even induce instability in real vibration control system, are considered. An amended disturbance observer plus linear feedback control strategy is developed to suppress these defects. First, the unmodeled error of the current controlled mode, harmonic effects, uncontrolled mode effects and high-frequency measurement noise, etc., are regarded as the lumped disturbances which can be estimated by the DOB, and the estimated value is used for the feed-forward compensation design. Then, a PID controller combing the acceleration sensor feedback is employed for the feedback design. In order to get a better vibration suppressing performance, a chaos optimization method based on Logistic map is designed to tune the parameters of PID controller. A rigorous analysis is also given to show why the DOB can effectively suppress the lumped disturbances. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, the dSPACE real-time simulation platform is used and an experimental platform for the all-clamped stiffened panel smart piezoelectric structure active vibration control is set up. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, practicality and strong anti-disturbance ability of the proposed control strategy.