Incidence and risk factors for acute infection after proximal humeral fractures: a multicenter study

Background: The rate of acute infection after surgery for proximal humeral fractures is not known. The aims of this study were to report the incidence and to analyze the risk factors for infection after proximal humeral fracture treatment. Materials and methods: We report a retrospective multicenter study of 452 proximal humeral fractures. Data were modeled by use of univariate and/or linear regression analyses to determine the odds ratio (OR). A logistic regression analysis was used to check for demographic and other characteristics with the potential to confound a true association between risk factors and infection. Results: The mean age was 62.1 years, and 314 patients were female patients. Of the patients, 18 (4%) had an acute infection. The factors that correlated with infection were length of surgery (OR, 1.009; P=.05), preoperative skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate (OR, 0.13; P=.008), and prophylactic antibiotic (OR, 10.73; P=.03). The delay to surgery was close to achieving significance (OR, 1.71; P=.06). Conclusion: This study suggests that washing the shoulder with chlorhexidine gluconate and avoiding the use of first-generation cephalosporin in favor of more effective prophylactic therapy are effective at reducing the risk of infection after treatment for proximal humeral fractures. (C) 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.