Column leaching using dry soil to estimate solid-solution partitioning observed in zero-tension lysimeters.: 2.: Trace metals

The fundamental questions revolving around research into trace metals in soils are how much, and in what form, do metals exist in soil solutions. The mobile phase of soil solutions can be sampled by lysimeters, but cannot be consistently and accurately reproduced in laboratory extractions. We used a column leaching method developed specifically to produce solutions that were similar to those of lysimeters from northern forest podzolic soils. We hoped to yield reasonable estimates of the partitioning of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn between the solid and solution phases observed in the field. The column leaching method produced solutions that were similar to lysimeter solutions in the concentrations of metals in solution. Partitioning coefficients (log K-d) calculated from average lysimeters solution concentrations ranged from 2.8 to 3.9 for Cd, 3.5 to 4.2 for Cu, 3. 1 to 4.3 for Ni, 3.9 to 5. 1 for Pb and 2.8 to 3.6 for Zn. Laboratory extractions produced very similar log Kd values ranging from 3.4 to 3.9 for Cd, 3.4 to 3.9 for Cu, 3.4 to 4.1 for Ni, 4.1 to 5.2 for Pb and 3.2 to 3.5 for Zn. According to a semi-mechanistic regression model based on observed lysimeter concentrations, the metal concentrations in solution were appropriate relative to known factors that influence metal partitioning in soils: pH and the concentrations of total metals and dissolved organic carbon. Partitioning coefficients based on laboratory extractions in the literature were on average an order of magnitude greater than those observed in lysimeters. When compared to the results of other laboratory extractions, the proposed extraction procedure appeared to be an effective method to estimate the chemistry of soil solutions in the field.