Passive sampling for monitoring polar organic pollutants in water by three typical samplers

Passive sampling technique is an important supplementary tool in pollution monitoring. In recent years, samplers designed for the hydrophilic organic pollutants, including polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), Chemcatcher (R), and diffusive gradients in thin film technology (DGT), have been successfully applied in both laboratory experiments and field studies. This review gives an overview of the application of these passive samplers for monitoring the polar organic pollutants. Sampler structures, material compositions, and the calculation of time weighted average concentrations were also compared. Besides, difference of the three samplers on the scope of the target analytes and exposure time, as well as the effects of environmental factors, e.g. hydrodynamic conditions, temperature, pH, ionic strength, DOM, on sampling performance were also introduced.