Food-chain length and adaptive foraging

被引:34
|
作者
Kondoh, Michio [1 ,2 ]
Ninomiya, Kunihiko [3 ]
机构
[1] Ryukoku Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Seta Oe, Otsu 5202143, Japan
[2] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan
[3] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
基金
日本学术振兴会;
关键词
food web; food-chain length; energy limitation hypothesis; adaptive foraging; ECOSYSTEM SIZE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WEB STRUCTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; STABILITY; ADAPTATION; PREDATOR; DISTURBANCE; COMPLEXITY; PREFERENCE;
D O I
10.1098/rspb.2009.0482
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Food-chain length, the number of feeding links from the basal species to the top predator, is a key characteristic of biological communities. However, the determinants of food-chain length still remain controversial. While classical theory predicts that food-chain length should increase with increasing resource availability, empirical supports of this prediction are limited to those from simple, artificial microcosms. A positive resource availability-chain length relationship has seldom been observed in natural ecosystems. Here, using a theoretical model, we show that those correlations, or no relationships, may be explained by considering the dynamic food-web reconstruction induced by predator's adaptive foraging. More specifically, with foraging adaptation, the food-chain length becomes relatively invariant, or even decreases with increasing resource availability, in contrast to a non-adaptive counterpart where chain length increases with increasing resource availability; and that maximum chain length more sharply decreases with resource availability either when species richness is higher or potential link number is larger. The interactive effects of resource availability, adaptability and community complexity may explain the contradictory effects of resource availability in simple microcosms and larger ecosystems. The model also explains the recently reported positive effect of habitat size on food-chain length as a result of increased species richness and/or decreased connectance owing to interspecific spatial segregation.
引用
收藏
页码:3113 / 3121
页数:9
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