The flavonoid chrysin, an endocrine disrupter, relaxes cholecystokinin- and KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips through multiple signaling pathways

The bioflavonoids have effects on vascular smooth muscle and gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The flavone and phytoestrogen, chrysin, has been shown to have a vasorelaxant effect on resistance blood vessels. This effect was mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Chrysin inhibited aromatase/estrogen biosynthesis in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to determine if chrysin had an effect on cholecystokinin- or KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. In addition, the second messenger(s) system(s) that mediated the effect were to be determined. A pharmacologic approach was used. Male guinea pig gallbladder strips were placed in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs solution, maintained at 37 degrees C, and gassed with 95% O-2-5% CO2. Changes in tension were recorded using a polygraph. It was shown that the PKA/cAMP second messenger system mediated part of the observed chrysin-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin-induced tension, the PKC system also mediated part of the relaxation, and the inhibition of both extracellular Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ release also mediated the chrysin-induced relaxation. This is the first report of chrysin having an effect on gallbladder smooth muscle contraction. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.