Analysis of choriocapillaris flow patterns by continuous laser-targeted angiography in monkeys

PURPOSE. To investigate choriocapillaris flow patterns and its segmental distribution in monkeys by continuous laser-targeted angiography (LTA). METHODS. A slit lamp was modified to incorporate two kinds of lasers (argon and diode). Carboxylluorescein (CF) was encapsulated in heat-sensitive liposomes and injected intravenously. Encapsulated CF was released locally by applying a continuous heat beam provided by the diode laser (810 nm). Video angiograms were generated with excitation illumination provided by the argon laser (488 and 514 rim), to observe selective images of the choriocapillaris. RESULTS. Continuous application of the diode laser disclosed three distinct phases (filling, plateau, and draining) of fluorescent images of the choriocapillaris. In the plateau phase, a cluster of lobules fed by a common arteriole was uniformly illuminated. This defined area did not change in size while a continuous diode laser was applied to the same spot. Only in posterior regions did the angiograms demonstrate that during the filling and draining phases each lobule was filled from a central spot and drained along a peripheral ring, showing honeycomb flow patterns. In peripheral regions, large choroidal vessels as well as choriocapillaris were observed. CONCLUSIONS. Continuous LTA demonstrated clusters of lobules fed by a common arteriole, and each cluster was found to be functionally independent. There were regional differences in choriocapillaris flow patterns, which suggests that the choriocapillaris provides a more highly efficient system of outflow in posterior regions than in peripheral regions. This modified LTA method appears to be useful in analyzing choroidal circulation in vivo.