Three-dimensional temporal bone reconstruction from histological sections

Objective: To produce a high-resolution, three-dimensional temporal bone model from serial sections, using a personal computer. Method: Digital images were acquired from histological sections of the temporal bone. Image registration, segmentation and three-dimensional volumetric reconstruction were performed using a personal computer. The model was assessed for anatomical accuracy and interactivity by otologists. Results: An accurate, high-resolution, three-dimensional model of the temporal bone was produced, containing structures relevant to otological surgery. The facial nerve, labyrinth, internal carotid artery, jugular bulb and all of the ossicles were seen (including the stapes footplate), together with the internal and external auditory meati. Some projections also showed the chorda tympani nerve. Conclusion: A high-resolution, three-dimensional computer model of the complete temporal bone was produced using a personal computer. Because of the increasing difficulty in procuring cadaveric bones, this model could be a useful adjunct for training.