Geography of non-melanoma skin cancer and ecological associations with environmental risk factors in England

被引:22
作者
Wheeler, B. W. [1 ]
Kothencz, G. [1 ]
Pollard, A. S. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, Royal Cornwall Hosp, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, England
[2] Royal Cornwall Hosp Trust, Truro TR1 3HD, England
关键词
non-melanoma skin cancer; radon; arsenic; ecological study; England; BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; DRINKING-WATER; RADON EXPOSURE; SUN EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; MELANOMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RADIATION; INCREASE;
D O I
10.1038/bjc.2013.288
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Background: This study investigates the geography of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in England, and ecological associations with three widespread environmental hazards: radon, arsenic and ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Methods: Age-/sex-standardised registration rates of NMSC were mapped for local authority (LA) areas (n=326), along with geographical data on bright sunshine, household radon and arsenic. Associations between NMSC and environmental variables, adjusted for socio-economic confounders, were investigated. Results: There was a substantial geographical variation in NMSC rates across English local authorities and between cancer registration regions. Forty percent of variance in rates was at registry region level and 60% at LA level. No association was observed between environmental arsenic and NMSC rates. Rates were associated with area-mean bright sunshine hours. An association with area-mean radon concentration was suggested, although the strength of statistical evidence was sensitive to model specification. Conclusion: The significant geographical variation across England in NMSC registration rate is likely to be partly, but not wholly, explained by registry differences. Findings tentatively support suggestions that environmental radon may be a risk factor for NMSC. Although NMSC is rarely fatal, it has significant implications for individuals and health services, and further research into NMSC geographical and environmental risk factors is warranted.
引用
收藏
页码:235 / 241
页数:7
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