Gel Polymer Electrolyte Composition Incorporating Adiponitrile as a Solvent for High-Performance Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor

Adiponitrile (ADN) has recently received extensive attention as a solvent for energy storage devices due to its significantly high flash point and stabilizing ability against oxidation of electrolytes at high voltages. A free standing and flexible gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) film has been reported containing a mixture of ADN and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) immobilized in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) for application in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The GPE containing 5 mol % LiTFSI in ADN shows excellent characteristics in terms of thermal stability (similar to 120 degrees C), wider electrochemical stability window (similar to 3.92 V versus Ag), and high ionic conductivity (similar to 1.97 X 10(-3) S cm(-1) at room temperature). The EDLC is fabricated with an ADN-based GPE film sandwiched between symmetric electrodes of activated carbon (derived from a waste biomass pinecone). The EDLC has been electrochemically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge-discharge tests. The specific capacitance of the capacitor has been observed to be 225-241 F g(-1), which corresponds to a specific energy of 31.2-34.0 Wh kg(-1) and a maximum specific power of 15.4-18.0 kW kg(-1) . The EDLC illustrates stable performance for similar to 20000 cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge with similar to 80% capacitance retention and 96-100% Coulombic efficiency. The capacitor gives stable performance for a temperature range of -30 to 90 degrees C.