Fate and transport of endocrine-disrupting compounds (oestrone and 17β-oestradiol) in a membrane bio-reactor used for water re-use

Oestrogens have been detected in the effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in several countries, as well as in surface water. This occurrence is fundamentally attributed to the excretion of oestrogen from humans and mammalian bodies, and the incomplete removal of these compounds from wastewater treatment plants. These micro-pollutants are causing great concern when it comes to water re-use. There is a lack information on endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as oestrogen in water re-use systems, e.g. a membrane bioreactor (MBR). It is clear that there is a strong need for "EDCs in MBR for water re-use". This study examined an E1 and E2 biodegradation batch test by an activated sludge and hollow fibre membrane filtration test with and without a bio-cake. E2 was effectively removed, even in high initial concentrations (1,000 ppb). E2 was oxidised into E1, and E1 had a lower adsorption rate than E2. The membrane with the bio-cake provided better removal than the virgin membrane.