[1] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan
[2] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[3] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM 87801 USA
[4] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA
[5] Univ Oxford, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England
[6] NERC, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
[7] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
[8] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[9] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
[10] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[11] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA
[12] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
[13] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England
[14] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA
[15] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[16] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
[17] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[18] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA
[19] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[20] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[21] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England
[22] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
[23] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
[24] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England
[25] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
[26] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
[27] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo 1008122, Japan
[28] JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan
[29] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA
[30] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA