Irreversibility analysis in the hydrothermal flow of γAl2O3/H2O and γAl2O3/C2H6O2 over a permeable stretching surface with effective Prandtl number

This present article provides a mathematical model that unravels the effect of entropy production on the hydrothermal behavior and cooling/heating process on the hybrid nanofluid spraying on a vertical permeable stretched surface. gamma Al2O3 is considered as the nanoparticles while water and Ethylene Glycol served as the base fluids. The derived heat balance equation considers the viscous dissipation phenomenon in addition to the effective Prandtl number. The competence of gamma Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid on the cooling process as compared to gamma Al2O3/C2H6O2 nanofluid is deliberated in detail. These combined effects are commonly employed in solar film collectors, heat exchanger technologies, and geothermal energy storage systems. Using sufficient similarity, the fundamental equations are converted into dimensionless forms and solved using the spectral collocation method. The residual errors are graphed to analyze the method's speedy convergence. Results for the embedded parameter on the flow speed, thermal distribution, entropy production, and Bejan number are shown graphically in the presence of an effective Prandtl number while the plots for skin friction and Nusselt number are displayed with and without an effective Prandtl number. As the Reynolds number parameters are increased, the Bejan number decreases, resulting in the dominance of entropy formation owing to frictional heating and magnetic field irreversibility.