Ultrasonographic measurements in comparison with the rectal palpation and echotexture of reproductive organs of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during different stages of the estrous cycle

Ultrasonographic study was undertaken to establish the echogenecity and size of reproductive organs of 18 cycling buffaloes of different parities and compared with the sizes measured by palpation per rectum at estrus (day 0), met estrus (day 2), mid diestrus (day 10) and late diestrus (day 16). The overall mean size of cervix, uterine body, right horn, left horn, right ovary and left ovary measured by palpation per rectum were 2.70 +/- 0.43, 2.36 +/- 0.36, 2.17 +/- 0.37, 2.12 +/- 0.38, 2.63 +/- 0.41 and 2.72 0.37 cm, respectively. The corresponding ultrasonographic observations were 2.10 +/- 0.40, 1.85 +/- 0.30, 1.73 +/- 0.36, 1.64 +/- 0.37, 2.16 +/- 0.36 and 2.29 +/- 0.38 cm respectively. Variations in the size of genitalia due to stages of estrous cycle were non-significant. The size of genitalia measured by palpation per rectum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than by ultrasonography. However, there was linear positive correlation (r = +0.87) in the measurements by the two techniques. The ultrasonographic characteristics of tubular genitalia revealed different echogenic gray shades around the nonechogenic (black) central area of lumen depending upon the stage of cycle. The ovarian stroma appeared as hyperechoic (white) area with nonechogenic (black) follicle. The corpus luteum (CL) exhibited different echogenic texture viz. grayish black, grayish granular and grayish white at met estrus, mid diestrus and late diestrus, respectively. Therefore, ultrasonography can be effectively employed to record the exact size and echotexture of the buffalo genitalia during different stages of estrous cycle.