Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They?

被引：98

作者：

Carvalho, Raquel N. ^{[1
]}

Arukwe, Augustine ^{[2
]}

Ait-Aissa, Selim ^{[3
]}

Bado-Nilles, Anne ^{[3
,4
]}

Balzamo, Stefania ^{[5
]}

Baun, Anders ^{[6
]}

Belkin, Shimshon ^{[7
]}

Blaha, Ludek ^{[8
]}

Brion, Francois ^{[3
]}

Conti, Daniela ^{[5
]}

Creusot, Nicolas ^{[3
]}

Essig, Yona ^{[9
]}

Ferrero, Valentina E. V. ^{[1
]}

Flander-Putrle, Vesna ^{[10
]}

Furhacker, Maria ^{[11
]}

Grillari-Voglauer, Regina ^{[11
]}

Hogstrand, Christer ^{[12
]}

Jonas, Adam ^{[8
]}

Kharlyngdoh, Joubert B. ^{[13
]}

Loos, Robert ^{[1
]}

Lundebye, Anne-Katrine ^{[14
]}

Modig, Carina ^{[13
]}

Olsson, Per-Erik ^{[13
]}

Pillai, Smitha ^{[11
]}

Polak, Natasa ^{[9
]}

Potalivo, Monica ^{[5
]}

Sanchez, Wilfried ^{[3
]}

Schifferli, Andrea ^{[16
]}

Schirmer, Kristin ^{[15
,17
,18
]}

Sforzini, Susanna ^{[19
]}

Sturzenbaum, Stephen R. ^{[9
]}

Softeland, Liv ^{[14
]}

Turk, Valentina ^{[10
]}

Viarengo, Aldo ^{[19
]}

Werner, Inge ^{[16
]}

Yagur-Kroll, Sharon ^{[7
]}

Zounkova, Radka ^{[8
]}

Lettieri, Teresa

机构：

[1] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy

[2] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway

[3] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, Verneuil En Halatte, France

[4] Univ Reims, F-51100 Reims, France

[5] ISPRA, Rome, Italy

[6] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, Lyngby, Denmark

[7] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Life Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel

[8] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, RECETOX, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic

[9] Kings Coll London, Analyt & Environm Sci Div, London WC2R 2LS, England

[10] Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn Piran, Ljubljana, Slovenia

[11] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Vienna, Austria

[12] Kings Coll London, Diabet & Nutr Sci Div, London WC2R 2LS, England

[13] Univ Orebro, Life Sci Ctr, Orebro, Sweden

[14] Natl Inst Nutr & Seafood Res, Bergen, Norway

[15] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland

[16] Eawag EPFL, Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol, Dubendorf, Switzerland

[17] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland

[18] EPF Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland

[19] Univ Piemonte Orientale Vercelli Novara Alessandr, Dept Environm & Life Sci, Alessandria, Italy

来源：

TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES | 2014年 / 141卷 / 01期

关键词：

bioassays; effects; mixtures; ecotoxicology; biomarkers; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; LINKING TOXICITY; EFFLUENTS; RECEPTOR; LARVAE; ZEBRAFISH; EXPOSURE; BACTERIA; INSIGHTS;

D O I：

10.1093/toxsci/kfu118

中图分类号：

R99 [毒物学（毒理学）];

学科分类号：

100405 ;

摘要：

The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations.

引用

页码：218 / 233

页数：16

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