RETRACTED: Assessment of an Integrative Anticancer Treatment Using an in Vitro Perfusion-Enabled 3D Breast Tumor Model (Retracted article. See vol. 4, pg. 3107, 2018)

The study presents observations on anticancer therapeutic efficacy of magnetic fluid hyperthermia and a combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy (i.e., integrative treatment) using an in vitro perfused and non-perfused 3D breast tumor model. The 3D in vitro breast tumor models were simulated using Comsol multiphysics, fabricated using specially designed chips, and treated with doxorubicin-loaded chitosan-coated La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (DC-LSMO) nanoparticles for hyperthermia and combination therapy in both perfused and non-perfused conditions. Computation confirmed uniform heat distribution throughout the scaffold for both the models. The findings indicate that both hyperthermia and combination treatment could trigger apoptotic cell death in the perfused and non-perfused models in varying degrees. Specifically, the perfused tumors were more resistant to therapy than the non-perfused ones. The efficacy of anticancer treatment decreased with increasing physiological complexity of the tumor model. The combination (hyperthermia and chemotherapy) treatment showed enhanced efficacy over hyperthermia alone. This is a pilot study to investigate the effects of magnetic fluid hyperthermia chemotherapy treatment using perfused and non-perfused 3D in vitro models of tumor. The feasibility of using 3D cell culture models for contributing to our understanding of cancer and its treatment was also determined as a part of this work.