Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change

被引:115
作者
Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Cleland, Elsa E. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[2] Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[4] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
来源
AOB PLANTS | 2014年 / 6卷
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
Alien or exotic species; climate change; invasions; non-native; phenology; plasticity; temperate systems; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; LEAF PHENOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SPRING PHENOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; NATIVE PLANTS; FROST DAMAGE;
D O I
10.1093/aobpla/plu013
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
In recent years, research in invasion biology has focused increasing attention on understanding the role of phenology in shaping plant invasions. Multiple studies have found non-native species that tend to flower distinctly early or late in the growing season, advance more with warming or have shifted earlier with climate change compared with native species. This growing body of literature has focused on patterns of phenological differences, but there is a need now for mechanistic studies of how phenology contributes to invasions. To do this, however, requires understanding how phenology fits within complex functional trait relationships. Towards this goal, we review recent literature linking phenology with other functional traits, and discuss the role of phenology in mediating how plants experience disturbance and stress-via climate, herbivory and competition-across the growing season. Because climate change may alter the timing and severity of stress and disturbance in many systems, it could provide novel opportunities for invasion-depending upon the dominant climate controller of the system, the projected climate change, and the traits of native and non-native species. Based on our current understanding of plant phenological and growth strategies-especially rapid growing, early-flowering species versus later-flowering species that make slower-return investments in growth-we project optimal periods for invasions across three distinct systems under current climate change scenarios. Research on plant invasions and phenology within this predictive framework would provide a more rigorous test of what drives invader success, while at the same time testing basic plant ecological theory. Additionally, extensions could provide the basis to model how ecosystem processes may shift in the future with continued climate change.
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页数:16
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