Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

被引:171
作者
Howard, Ian A. [1 ,2 ]
Abzieher, Tobias [2 ]
Hossain, Ihteaz M. [1 ]
Eggers, Helge [1 ,2 ]
Schackmar, Fabian [1 ,2 ]
Ternes, Simon [1 ]
Richards, Bryce S. [1 ,2 ]
Lemmer, Uli [1 ,2 ]
Paetzold, Ulrich W. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMT, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
[2] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, LTI, Engesserstr 13, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
关键词
coating; metal halide perovskites solar cells; printing; solution-processed photovoltaics; upscaling; HOLE-CONDUCTOR-FREE; OF-THE-ART; SOLAR-CELLS; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; LARGE-AREA; HALIDE PEROVSKITE; COUNTER ELECTRODE; SPRAY DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; LEAD;
D O I
10.1002/adma.201806702
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structure. The nucleation and crystal growth must be controlled during film formation and subsequent treatments in order to obtain high-quality, pin-hole-free films over large areas. A great deal of understanding regarding material engineering during the perovskite film formation process has been gained through spin-coating studies. Based on this, significant progress has been made on transferring material engineering strategies to processes capable of scale-up, such as blade coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, relief printing, and gravure printing. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies that led to devices deposited by these scalable techniques with PCEs as high as 21%. Finally, the opportunities to fully close the shrinking gap to record spin-coated solar cells and to scale these efficiencies to large areas are highlighted.
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页数:14
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