Brauer groups and etale cohomology in derived algebraic geometry

In this paper, we study Azumaya algebras and Brauer groups in derived algebraic geometry. We establish various fundamental facts about Brauer groups in this setting, and we provide a computational tool, which we use to compute the Brauer group in several examples. In particular, we show that the Brauer group of the sphere spectrum vanishes, which solves a conjecture of Baker and Richter, and we use this to prove two uniqueness theorems for the stable homotopy category. Our key technical results include the local geometricity, in the sense of Artin n-stacks, of the moduli space of perfect modules over a smooth and proper algebra, the etale local triviality of Azumaya algebras over connective derived schemes and a local to global principle for the algebraicity of stacks of stable categories.