Body fat and C-reactive protein levels in healthy non-obese men

Background and aim: The relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, adipose tissue and metabolic alterations have not been clearly established in healthy non-obese subjects. We investigated the relationships between body fat, CRP levels and metabolic variables in healthy, non-obese sons of patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods and Results: Age, CRP and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, anthropometric measures (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, WHR), total and regional fat content (as determined by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), total and LDL cholesterol, and the metabolic variables related to MS (HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels; the fasting insulin resistance index, FIRI; blood pressure) were evaluated in 85 healthy non-obese sons of MS patients. Linear and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between body fat, metabolic variables and CRP levels, and to investigate whether the association between body fat content and metabolic variables persists after adjustment for CRP levels. Body fat was associated with all of the investigated variables. CRP levels were associated with total and regional body fat, the anthropometric index of weight, age, and with some metabolic alterations (HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, and fasting insulin and LDL-cholesterol levels). The associations between total body fat and the metabolic variables did not change after adjustment for CRP levels. Total body fat was the best Predictor of CRP levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: In healthy, non-obese sons of MS patients, total body fat is the best predictor of CRP levels, and remains closely associated with metabolic abnormalities after adjustment for CRP levels. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that body fat is the main determinant of metabolic abnormalities and a low inflammatory state, at least in healthy subjects.