Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe inflammatory joint disorder, and several studies have taken note of the probability that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in RA pathogenesis. MiR-146 and miR-155 arose as primary immune response regulators. Mesenchymal stein cells (MSCs) immunomodulatory function is primarily regulated by paracrine factors, such as exosomes. Exosomes, which serve as carriers of genetic information in cell-to-cell communication, transmit miRNAs between cells and have been studied as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Aims: The current research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of miR-146a/miR-155 transduced mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived exosomes on the immune response. Methods: Here, exosomes were extracted from normal MSCs with over-expressed miR-146a/miR-155; Splenocytes were isolated from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and control mice. Expression levels miR-146a and miR-155 were then monitored. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the impact of the exosomes on regulatory T-cell (Treg) levels. Expression of some key autoinunune response genes and their protein products, including retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-gamma t, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-17, -6, -10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in the Splenocytes was determined using both quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. The results showed that miR-146a was mainly down-regulated in CIA mice. Treatment with MSC-derived exosomes and miR-146a/miR-155-transduced MSC-derived exosomes significantly altered the CIA mice Treg cell levels compared to in control mice. Results: Ultimately, such modulation may promote the recovery of appropriate T-cell responses in inflammatory situations such as RA. Conclusion: miR-146a-transduced MSC-derived exosomes also increased forkhead box P3 (Fox-P3), TOFfi and IL-10 gene expression in the CIA mice; miR-155 further increased the gene expressions of ROR gamma t, IL-17, and IL-6 in these mice. Based on the findings here, Exosomes appears to promote the direct intracellular transfer of miRNAs between cells and to represent a possible therapeutic strategy for RA. The manipulation of MSC-derived exosomes with anti-inflammatory miRNA may increase Treg cell populations and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
