Antibody-mediated FOXP3 protein therapy induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and inhibits metastasis in vivo

In addition to its immune suppressive function ill T-regulatory cells, the nuclear transcription factor, FOXP3, has been identified as a tumor suppressor. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 31310 Fv antibody-mediated FOXP3 protein therapy of cancer, the Fv-FOXP3 fusion protein produced in Pichia pastoris was tested on breast, ovarian, and colon cancer cells in vitro, and with colon cancer cells in vivo in a mouse model of colon cancer metastasis to liver. Treatment with Fv-FOXP3 resulted in dose-dependent cell death of cancer cells in vitro. Apoptosis was established as a mechanism of cell death by demonstrating increased production of the p17 activated fragment of caspase-3 by cancer cells in response to Fv-FOXP3 and inhibition of cell killing by the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Fv-FOXP3 treatment resulted in clinically significant reduction in tumor burden in a syngeneic model of colon cancer metastasis to liver in Balb/c mice. These results represent the first demonstration of effective full-length FOXP3 protein therapy and emphasize the clinical potential of mAb 3E10 as an intracellular and intranuclear delivery vehicle of FOXP3 for prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.