[1] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Appl Chem, Doornfontein Campus,POB 17011, ZA-2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
[2] Univ Johannesburg, Ctr Nanomat Sci Res, Johannesburg, South Africa
[3] Univ Zululand, Dept Chem, Private Bag X1001, ZA-3886 Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa
[4] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Engn, Aoba Ku, 4-1 Seiryo, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan