The epitranscriptome in stem cell biology and neural development

被引:33
作者
Vissers, Caroline [1 ,2 ]
Sinha, Aniketa [2 ]
Ming, Guo-li [3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ]
Song, Hongjun [3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol Program, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
[3] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[4] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Mahoney Inst Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[5] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[6] Univ Penn, Inst Regenerat Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[7] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[8] Univ Penn, Epigenet Inst, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Epitranscriptome; m(6)A; Stem cells; Brain development; Brain disorders; MESSENGER-RNA METHYLATION; OBESITY-RELATED GENE; SELF-RENEWAL; NUCLEAR-RNA; M(6)A METHYLTRANSFERASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TET PROTEINS; FAT MASS; N-6-METHYLADENOSINE; REVEALS;
D O I
10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105139
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
The blossoming field of epitranscriptomics has recently garnered attention across many fields by findings that chemical modifications on RNA have immense biological consequences. Methylation of nucleotides in RNA, including N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A), 2-O-dimethyladenosine (m(6)A(m)), N1-methyladenosine (m(1)A), 5-methyl cytosine (m(5)C), and isomerization of uracil to pseudouridine (Psi), have the potential to alter RNA processing events and contribute to developmental processes and different diseases. Though the abundance and roles of some RNA modifications remain contentious, the epitranscriptome is thought to be especially relevant in stem cell biology and neurobiology. In particular, m(6)A occurs at the highest levels in the brain and plays major roles in embryonic stem cell differentiation, brain development, and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, studies in these areas have reported conflicting results on epitranscriptomic regulation of stem cell pluripotency and mechanisms in neural development. In this review we provide an overview of the current understanding of several RNA modifications and disentangle the various findings on epitranscriptomic regulation of stem cell biology and neural development.
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页数:13
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