Recent advances in the optimization and functionalization of upconversion nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications

被引:71
作者
Feng, Wei
Zhu, Xingjun
Li, Fuyou [1 ]
机构
[1] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
bioimaging; in vivo; therapy; upconversion nanomaterials; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENT NANOPARTICLES; LUMINESCENT NANOPARTICLES; CORE/SHELL NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CORE; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPHOSPHORS; STRATEGY;
D O I
10.1038/am.2013.63
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Upconversion nanophosphors are considered to be important components in advanced materials designed for in vivo bioapplications and benefit from their unique anti-Stokes upconversion luminescence properties. The near-infrared light excitation allows for a large penetration depth in biotissues during in vivo applications. This review presents recent advances in the optimization and functionalization of upconversion nanomaterials for bioimaging and in vivo therapy. The most effective protocols are introduced in detail. Current limitations and future prospects are also included to provide a general summary and suggest future research directions.
引用
收藏
页码:e75 / e75
页数:15
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