Imagery Encoding Effects on Memory in the DRM Paradigm: A Test of Competing Predictions

In three experiments the effects of imagery encoding and test format on false memory rates in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm were examined. After generating images of individual items (Experiment 1) or integrated subsets (Experiment 2), all of which were embedded in thematically related lists, participants were surprised by a recognition memory test or one of three kinds of source tests. As predicted by a distinctive encoding hypothesis, generating individual images led to better accuracy on presented items, and better monitoring of critical lures, than generating integrated images (Experiments 1 and 2). However, both kinds of imagery encoding led to fewer endorsements of critical lures compared to a non-imagery encoding condition (Experiment 3). Imagery encoding effects were also independent of test format. The implications of these findings for the use of DRM-false memory rates in debates about the use of guided imagery techniques are discussed. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.