A promising novel biomarker for early-onset preeclampsia: soluble trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1)

Background We aimed to explore TREM-1 activation in pregnant women who has preeclampsia through the measurement of its soluble form sTREM. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted. Participants were recruited from antenatal clinic between 1 May 2019 and 31 August 2019, and they all provided written informed consent for participation. Women between 18 and 42 years of age who were diagnosed with early or late-onset preeclampsia (LOP) were offered participation if they did not have any known systemic disease (chronic hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism, chronic renal-liver diseases, etc.); autoimmune disorders; multiple pregnancies; presence of fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies; placenta previa; cholestasis of pregnancy; preterm delivery; evidence of chronic and active infection. The primary outcome of the study was to assess any difference between groups in terms of the diagnostic value of sTREM level. Results A total of 80 patients were enrolled; proven early-onset preeclampsia (EOP) (n = 20), LOP (n = 30), and control (n = 30) groups. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of age and BMI. Mean gestational age at diagnosis of EOP; 30 +/- 1.9 and LOP; 34.7 +/- 1.9 weeks gestation. The mean sTREM level was 160.130 +/- 1.65 pg/ml in the EOP group, 119.337 +/- 2.04 pg/ml in LOP group, and 87.764 +/- 1.69 pg/ml in the control group. According to subgroup analysis, sTREM levels were significantly higher in EOP group than control group. Conclusions sTREM might be a promising biomarker for early detection of EOP. However, future studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.