Research Article Camel Urine Prevents Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Background and Objectives: Cisplatin (CP) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used for cancer treatment; however, the adverse side effects limit its use. Camel Urine (CU) contains several active metabolites and essential inorganic elements which exhibited several biological activities. This study aimed to identify the constituents and Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) of CU and to explore its ameliorative effect of CU on CP nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The GC and ICP-MS analyses were applied to identify the constituents of CU and the RSA was determined using DPPH assay and cyclic voltammetry. To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of CU, rats received CU for 8 weeks and a single injection of CP at week 7. Results: Ten active metabolites and 7 inorganic essential elements were identified in CU which showed a potent in vitro RSA. The CU prevented histological alterations and ameliorated serum creatinine and urea, urinary albumin and creatinine clearance in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, CU suppressed renal lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, cytochrome c oxidase and increased Bcl-2. Conclusion: The CU is rich in different active metabolites and inorganic elements and showed potent in vitro RSA. Camel urine (CU) attenuated CP-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing tissue injury, oxidative stress and apoptosis.