Solubility of amphenicol bacteriostats in CO2

The solubilities of three veterinary amphenicol bacteriostats, chloramphenicol, florfenicol and thiamphenicol, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) by a re-circulating method at temperatures of 313.15 and 333.15 K and pressures ranging from 11.0 to 49.0 MPa. These compounds displayed very limited solubility in SC-CO2, (10(-5) to 10(-7) mole fraction) over the range of experimental conditions. Chloramphenicol had the highest observed solubility of the three amphenicols, while the solubilities of florfenicol and thiamphenicol were almost an order of magnitude lower. The experimental solubility data were correlated with seven known density-based models. The density models (ln y versus ln rho or ln rho(r)) gave better correlation than the semi-log scale of ln y versus rho(r). Four models for In E versus density correlations also gave better correlation than the semi-log scale of ln y versus rho(r) by introducing the enhancement factor E. The correlation accuracy of all the seven models mainly depends on the system investigated, measured density and temperature range. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.