In vivo direct gene transfer into articular cartilage by intraarticular injection mediated by HVJ (Sendai virus) and liposomes

Objective. To establish a system for efficient, direct in vivo gene transfer into joints. Methods. A hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ; Sendai virus)-liposome suspension containing SV40 large T antigen (SVT) gene was injected intraarticularly into knee joints of 6-week-old female Lewis rats. Rats were killed at various times for immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of SVT gene. Results. The expression of SVT gene was detected immunohistochemically in chondrocytes in the superficial and middle zones of articular cartilage in the knee joints. The average percentage of SVT-positive cells was estimated to be similar to 30% on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after transfection. Moreover, no pathologic change caused by HVJ-liposome injection was observed in the joints. Conclusion. The transfection frequency and stability of expression recognized in this study indicate the possibility of a strategy for treatment of joint disorders, including arthritis, using direct gene transfer.