Dual loop IMC structure for load frequency control issue of multi-area multi sources power systems

In this paper, a dual loop-internal model control (DL-IMC) scheme for load frequency control (LFC) issue of multi-area power systems is presented. The proposed scheme contains two control loops for disturbance rejection and minimization of oscillations. The inner loop of the proposed configuration contains an IMC controller and the outer loop controller is derived by using a predictive model based on model reduction. In order to validate the proposed approach, single and two area reheated thermal power system (TPS), and hydrothermal power systems (HTPS) are considered. The robustness of the proposed scheme is shown by introducing +/- 50% perturbations in the system parameters for different values of external load disturbances. The proposed method is extended for a three-area reheated HTPS with wind and solar power penetrations along with random wind speed and solar irradiance. In addition to this, the simulation results of a four-area reheated HTPS with renewable power sources such as wind power generator, solar power generator, fuel cell and aqua-electrolyzer to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.