Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations

被引:92
作者
Bode, Nikolai W. F. [1 ]
Wagoum, Armel U. Kemloh [3 ]
Codling, Edward A. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Essex, Dept Math Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England
[2] Univ Essex, Sch Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England
[3] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52428 Julich, Germany
关键词
decision-making; crowd behaviour; emergency evacuations; virtual environment; route choice; directional information; DECISION-MAKING; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; ESCAPE; SIGNS; FIRE; FISH;
D O I
10.1098/rsif.2013.0904
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The evacuation of crowds from buildings or vehicles is one example that highlights the importance of understanding how individual-level interactions and decision-making combine and lead to the overall behaviour of crowds. In particular, to make evacuations safer, we need to understand how individuals make movement decisions in crowds. Here, we present an evacuation experiment with over 500 participants testing individual behaviour in an interactive virtual environment. Participants had to choose between different exit routes under the influence of three different types of directional information: static information (signs), dynamic information (movement of simulated crowd) and memorized information, as well as the combined effect of these different sources of directional information. In contrast to signs, crowd movement and memorized information did not have a significant effect on human exit route choice in isolation. However, when we combined the latter two treatments with additional directly conflicting sources of directional information, for example signs, they showed a clear effect by reducing the number of participants that followed the opposing directional information. This suggests that the signals participants observe more closely in isolation do not simply overrule alternative sources of directional information. Age and gender did not consistently explain differences in behaviour in our experiments.
引用
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页数:10
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