Basal cell carcinoma: An updated review of pathogenesis and treatment options

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains the most common malignancy worldwide. BCC pathogenesis is a result of the interplay between one's environment, genetics, and phenotypic factors. BCC has a low mortality but given its increasing incidence and potential to cause local destruction thus resulting in significant morbidity, it is vital for dermatologists to remain up to date with recent updates in this malignancy's pathogenesis and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis of BCC as well as the current treatments available and clinical trials underway. We also touch upon the updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in respect to BCC's recommended treatment modalities.