Biogenic Amines in Poultry Meat and Poultry Products: Formation, Appearance, and Methods of Reduction

Simple Summary Meat consumption is on the rise, including poultry meat. With the storage of meat and the progressing process of food spoilage, the content of biogenic amines increases. Methods to prevent the formation of amines include: starter cultures, packaging methods, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), ozonisation, radiation, use of essential oils, phytobiotics, and organic acids in food. The aim of this study was to compare the content of biogenic amines in poultry meat on the basis of the latest scientific reports and to present methods for preventing the formation of biogenic amines.The use of herbal extracts can not only reduce the occurrence of biogenic amines, but also improve production results and meat quality. Poultry meat is a source of many important nutrients, micro- and macro-elements, and biologically active substances. During meat storage, many physicochemical changes take place, also affecting the content of biologically active substances, including biogenic amines.They are formed as a result of three processes: decarboxylation of amino acids by microorganisms, reductive amination, and transamination of aldehydes and ketones, and as a result of activity of body tissues. Excessive consumption of biogenic amines shows toxic properties. The increasing consumption of poultry meat and the lack of established limits for biogenic amine content is a major challenge for scientists, producers, and consumer organisations, which have not yet established limits for biogenic amine content in meat (including poultry meat). Analyses of biogenic amine content in meat account for less than 10% of scientific papers, which raises the scope of the problem of limiting biogenic amines in meat. Among the methods of amine reduction are methods of destroying or reducing microorganisms' high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), ozonisation, radiation, or the use of essential oils.