Nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery in infants and children with congenital heart disease

Introduction: Nosocomial infections generate high morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Objective: To determine risk factors for nosocomial infections in children after congenital heart surgery. Methods: A retrospective case-control study, in patients younger than 15 years undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease from January 2007 to December 2011 admitted to the Pediatric Critical Patient Unit (UPC-P) in a university hospital. For cases, the information was analyzed from the first episode of infection. Results: 39 patients who develop infections and 39 controls who did not develop infection were enrolled. The median age of cases was 2 months. We identified a number of factors associated with the occurrence of infections, highlighting in univariate analysis: age, weight, univentricular heart physiology, complexity of the surgical procedure according to RACHS-1 and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time >= 200 minutes. Multivariate analysis identified CPB time >= 200 minutes as the major risk factor, with an OR of 11.57 (CI: 1.04 to 128.5). Conclusion: CPB time >= 200 minutes was the mayor risk factor associated with the development of nosocomial infections.