Quantifying center bias of observers in free viewing of dynamic natural scenes

被引:266
作者
Tseng, Po-He
Carmi, Ran
Cameron, Ian G. M.
Munoz, Douglas P. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Itti, Laurent [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Neurosci Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Queens Univ, Dept Physiol, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
[3] Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
[4] Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
来源
JOURNAL OF VISION | 2009年 / 9卷 / 07期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
eye movement; saccade; orbital reserve; eye-head coordination; saccadic eye movement; saccade selection; fixation; eye position; ocular; visuo-motor optimizing strategy; salience; saliency maps; photographer bias; motor bias; screen center; EYE-MOVEMENTS; VISUAL EXAMINATION; STATISTICS; ATTENTION; AMPLITUDE; SELECTION; POSITION; SALIENCY; SEARCH; SHIFTS;
D O I
10.1167/9.7.4
中图分类号
R77 [眼科学];
学科分类号
100212 ;
摘要
Human eye-tracking studies have shown that gaze fixations are biased toward the center of natural scene stimuli ("center bias"). This bias contaminates the evaluation of computational models of attention and oculomotor behavior. Here we recorded eye movements from 17 participants watching 40 MTV-style video clips (with abrupt scene changes every 2-4 s), to quantify the relative contributions of five causes of center bias: photographer bias, motor bias, viewing strategy, orbital reserve, and screen center. Photographer bias was evaluated by five naive human raters and correlated with eye movements. The frequently changing scenes in MTV-style videos allowed us to assess how motor bias and viewing strategy affected center bias across time. In an additional experiment with 5 participants, videos were displayed at different locations within a large screen to investigate the influences of orbital reserve and screen center. Our results demonstrate quantitatively for the first time that center bias is correlated strongly with photographer bias and is influenced by viewing strategy at scene onset, while orbital reserve, screen center, and motor bias contribute minimally. We discuss methods to account for these influences to better assess computational models of visual attention and gaze using natural scene stimuli.
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页数:16
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