Progress of optimal operation for large pumping station system

The research ranges of optimal operation for large pumping stations were analyzed. Energy losses of power transmission and transformation, pumping stations and water transmission should be considered when optimal models are constituted. Under the circumstances of pumping certain discharge or volume, aiming at the lowest operation cost, optimal models were established considering head variation and time-varying electrical price for single or parallel pumping stations and step pumping station system. Research progress of optimization methods to the models was introduced, and the research trends were pointed out.