Advanced microalgae-based renewable biohydrogen production systems: A review

The reliance of fossil fuel for industrial and energy sectors has resulted in its depletion. Therefore, enormous efforts have been considered to move-out from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources based industrial process developments. Recently, biohydrogen (bio-H-2) has been recognised as a clean source of fuel with high-energy efficiency, which can be produced via different routes. Among them, biological fermentation processes are highly recommended due to eco-friendly and economically viable approaches compared to that of thermochemical processes. However, the low H-2 yield and high production cost are major bottlenecks for commercial scale operations. Thus, this review proposed an integrated microalgae-based H-2 production process, which will provides a possible route for commercialization in near future. Furthermore, process integration to improve efficiency and implementation of advanced strategies for the enhancement of bio-H-2 production, economic viability, and future research needs are discussed.