Using Game Theory to Understand Systemic Acquired Resistance as a Bet-Hedging Option for Increasing Fitness When Disease Is Uncertain

被引:6
作者
Reynolds, Gregory J. [1 ]
Gordon, Thomas R. [2 ]
McRoberts, Neil [2 ]
机构
[1] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, 333 Broadway Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA
[2] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
来源
PLANTS-BASEL | 2019年 / 8卷 / 07期
关键词
systemic acquired resistance; induced resistance; game theory; plant pathogens; evolution; PLANT DEFENSE; COSTS; GROWTH; ALLOCATION; INDUCTION; BENEFITS; RESPONSES;
D O I
10.3390/plants8070219
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism through which plants may respond to initial challenge by a pathogen through activation of inducible defense responses, thereby increasing resistance to subsequent infection attempts. Fitness costs are assumed to be incurred by plants induced for SAR, and several studies have attempted to quantify these costs. We developed a mathematical model, motivated by game-theoretic concepts, to simulate competition between hypothetical plant populations with and without SAR to examine conditions under which the phenomenon of SAR may have evolved. Data were gathered from various studies on fitness costs of induced resistance on life history traits in different plant hosts and scaled as a proportion of the values in control cohorts in each study (i.e., healthy plants unprimed for SAR). With unprimed healthy control plants set to a fitness value of 1, primed healthy plants incurred a fitness cost of about 10.4% (0.896, n = 157), primed diseased plants incurred a fitness cost of about 15.5% (0.845, n = 54), and unprimed diseased plants incurred a fitness cost of about 28.9% (0.711, n = 69). Starting from a small proportion of the population (0.5%) and competing against a population with constitutive defenses alone in stochastic simulations, the SAR phenotype almost always dominated the population after 1000 generations when the probability of disease was greater than or equal to 0.5 regardless of the probability for priming errors.
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页数:15
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