Energy Intake Requirements in Pregnancy

被引:106
作者
Most, Jasper [1 ]
Dervis, Sheila [2 ]
Haman, Francois [2 ]
Adamo, Kristi B. [2 ]
Redman, Leanne M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA
[2] Univ Ottawa, Sch Human Kinet, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
关键词
pregnancy; energy expenditure; energy intake; physical activity; metabolic rate; fetal development; GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN; BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OBESE WOMEN; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; MATERNAL OBESITY; ACTIVITY PATTERN; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; EXPENDITURE; OUTCOMES;
D O I
10.3390/nu11081812
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Energy intake requirements in pregnancy match the demands of resting metabolism, physical activity, and tissue growth. Energy balance in pregnancy is, therefore, defined as energy intake equal to energy expenditure plus energy storage. A detailed understanding of these components and their changes throughout gestation can inform energy intake recommendations for minimizing the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. Energy expenditure is the sum of resting and physical activity-related expenditure. Resting metabolic rate increases during pregnancy as a result of increased body mass, pregnancy-associated physiological changes, i.e., cardiac output, and the growing fetus. Physical activity is extremely variable between women and may change over the course of pregnancy. The requirement for energy storage depends on maternal pregravid body size. For optimal pregnancy outcomes, women with low body weight require more fat mass accumulation than women with obesity, who do not require to accumulate fat mass at all. Given the high energy density of fat mass, these differences affect energy intake requirements for a healthy pregnancy greatly. In contrast, the energy stored in fetal and placental tissues is comparable between all women and have small impact on energy requirements. Different prediction equations have been developed to quantify energy intake requirements and we provide a brief review of the strengths and weaknesses and discuss their application for healthy management of weight gain in pregnant women.
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页数:18
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