Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with a Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction

被引：278

作者：

Finkelstein, Steven L. ^{[1
]}

D'Aloisio, Anson ^{[2
]}

Paardekooper, Jan-Pieter ^{[3
]}

Ryan, Russell, Jr. ^{[4
]}

Behroozi, Peter ^{[5
]}

Finlator, Kristian ^{[6
,7
]}

Livermore, Rachael ^{[8
,9
]}

Sanderbeck, Phoebe R. Upton ^{[10
]}

Dalla Vecchia, Claudio ^{[11
,12
]}

Khochfar, Sadegh ^{[13
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[2] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[3] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Albert Ueberle Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[4] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[5] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA

[6] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA

[7] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DAWN Ctr Reionizat, Copenhagen, Denmark

[8] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia

[9] ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys 3 Dimens AST, Canberra, ACT, Australia

[10] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[11] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

[12] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain

[13] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2019年 / 879卷 / 01期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

dark ages; reionization; first stars; early universe; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; BILLION YEARS PROJECT; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HE II REIONIZATION; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; POPULATION-III; STELLAR POPULATIONS;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/ab1ea8

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We explore scenarios for reionizing the intergalactic medium with low galaxy ionizing photon escape fractions. We combine simulation-based halo mass-dependent escape fractions with an extrapolation of the observed galaxy rest-ultraviolet luminosity functions to solve for the reionization history from z = 20 -> 4. We explore the posterior distributions for key unknown quantities, including the limiting halo mass for star formation, the ionizing photon production efficiency, and a potential contribution from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We marginalize over the allowable parameter space using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, finding a solution that satisfies the most model-independent constraints on reionization. Our fiducial model can match observational constraints with an average escape fraction of < 5% throughout the bulk of the epoch of reionization if (i) galaxies form stars down to the atomic cooling limit before reionization and a photosuppression mass of log(M-h/M-circle dot) similar to 9 during/after reionization (-13 < M-UV,M- lim < -11), (ii) galaxies become more efficient producers of ionizing photons at higher redshifts and fainter magnitudes, and (iii) there is a significant but subdominant contribution by AGNs at z less than or similar to 7. In this model, the faintest galaxies (M-UV > -15) dominate the ionizing emissivity, leading to an earlier start to reionization and a smoother evolution of the ionized volume-filling fraction than models that assume a single escape fraction at all redshifts and luminosities. The ionizing emissivity from this model is consistent with observations at z = 4-5 (and below, when extrapolated), in contrast to some models that assume a single escape fraction. Our predicted ionized volume-filling fraction at z = 7 of Q(HII) = 78% (+/- 8%) is in modest (similar to 1 sigma-2 sigma) tension with observations of Ly alpha emitters at z similar to 7 and the damping-wing analyses of the two known z > 7 quasars, which prefer Q(HII, z) = 7 similar to 40%-50%.

引用

页数：34

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