An evaluation of management procedures for implementing a precautionary approach in the ICES context for North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.)

A number of management procedures are investigated using a simulation model of the North Sea plaice stock and its fisheries. An operating model represents reality, a perception of which is gained using an assessment based on data sampled from an operating model. The model structure includes sampling, process, and implementation errors, as well as the effect of feedback from management controls to the operating model. Management procedures incorporating either annual or multi-annual (3-year, 5-year) assessments, and alternative control rules, are evaluated. The main evaluation criterion is whether the stock remains within, or recovers to, the precautionary region defined by ICES. The robustness of management procedures to differences between the operating and assessment models is investigated. Implications for the provision of management advice from ICES are considered and discussed.