Manipulation of starch bioaccessibility in wheat endosperm to regulate starch digestion, postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gut hormone responses: a randomized controlled trial in healthy ileostomy participants

被引:142
作者
Edwards, Cathrina H. [1 ]
Grundy, Myriam M. L. [1 ]
Grassby, Terri [1 ]
Vasilopoulou, Dafni [1 ]
Frost, Gary S. [3 ]
Butterworth, Peter J. [1 ]
Berry, Sarah E. E. [1 ]
Sanderson, Jeremy [2 ]
Ellis, Peter R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Kings Coll London, Diabet & Nutr Sci Div, Biopolymers Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England
[2] Guys & St Thomas Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Dept Gastroenterol, London, England
[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Nutr & Dietet Res Grp, London, England
基金
英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
ileostomy; starch; postprandial; glycemia; bioaccessibility; structure; digestion; LIPID BIOACCESSIBILITY; METABOLIC RESPONSES; SMALL-INTESTINE; ENERGY VALUES; ALPHA-AMYLASE; CELL-WALLS; CARBOHYDRATE; FOODS; APPETITE; ALMONDS;
D O I
10.3945/ajcn.114.106203
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Background: Cereal crops, particularly wheat, are a major dietary source of starch, and the bioaccessibility of starch has implications for postprandial glycemia. The structure and properties of plant foods have been identified as critical factors in influencing nutrient bioaccessibility; however, the physical and biochemical disassembly of cereal food during digestion has not been widely studied. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the effects of 2 porridge meals prepared from wheat endosperm with different degrees of starch bioaccessibility on postprandial metabolism (e.g., glycemia) and to gain insight into the structural and biochemical breakdown of the test meals during gastroileal transit. Design: A randomized crossover trial in 9 healthy ileostomy participants was designed to compare the effects of 55 g starch, provided as coarse (2-mm particles) or smooth (<0.2-mm particles) wheat porridge, on postprandial changes in blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids, and gut hormones and on the resistant starch (RS) content of ileal effluent. Undigested food in the ileal output was examined microscopically to identify cell walls and encapsulated starch. Results: Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations were significantly lower (i.e., 33%, 43%, 40%, and 50% lower 120-min incremental AUC, respectively) after consumption of the coarse porridge than after the smooth porridge (P < 0.01). In vitro, starch digestion was slower in the coarse porridge than in the smooth porridge (33% less starch digested at 90 min, P < 0.05, paired t test). In vivo, the structural integrity of coarse particles (2 mm) of wheat endosperm was retained during gastroileal transit Microscopic examination revealed a progressive loss of starch from the periphery toward the particle core. The structure of the test meal had no effect on the amount or pattern of RS output. Conclusion: The structural integrity of wheat endosperm is largely retained during gastroileal digestion and has a primary role in influencing the rate of starch amylolysis and, consequently, postprandial metabolism.
引用
收藏
页码:791 / 800
页数:10
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