Anti-adipogenic Constituents from Dioscorea opposita in 3T3-L1 Cells

We previously reported the lipase inhibitory activity of the n-BuOH fraction of Dioscorea opposita (DOB) and its isolates. This study sought to evaluate their anti-adipogenic activity in terms of their effects on the adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) as well as phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1). DOB apparently attenuated 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation (33.6% decrease at 20 mu g/mL). In addition, a marked decrease (90.4%) in the expression of PPAR gamma was observed in the DOB-treated 3T3-L1 cells. Four isolates from DOB: (4E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-heptadien-3-one (1), (3R,5R)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-heptanediol (2), batatasin I (3), and (1E,4E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (4), suppressed adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting PPAR gamma at 20 mu M (85.9%, 68.6%, 76.2%, and 90.2% decrease, respectively) and C/EBP alpha (51.7%, 3.1%, 20.9%, and 59.8% decrease, respectively). Batatasin I was found to increase p-AMPK and CPT-1 at a concentration of 20 mu M in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, resulting in inhibiting adipogenesis. Taken together, batatasin I might be responsible for the anti-adipogenic effect of DOB via inhibition of PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha and activation of p-AMPK and CPT-1.