Trojan horses: drug culprits associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis

被引:103
作者
Pendergraft, William F., III [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Niles, John L. [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Joint Nephrol Fellowship Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[3] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[4] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vasculitis & Glomerulonephritis Clin, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
关键词
antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody; cocaine; hydralazine; minocycline; propylthiouracil; INDUCED AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; POSITIVE VASCULITIS; EPIGENETIC THERAPY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOUBLE-BLIND; COCAINE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; HYDRALAZINE; MINOCYCLINE;
D O I
10.1097/BOR.0000000000000014
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Purpose of reviewAntineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis is a systemic autoimmune disease resulting in small-vessel inflammation caused by pathogenic autoantibodies directed against proteinase 3 or myeloperoxidase. Legal drug culprits have been implicated as causative agents in secondary forms of disease, and a recent burst of reports also implicate levamisole-adulterated cocaine as a culprit.Recent findingsHere, we briefly discuss all drug culprits associated with ANCA vasculitis and then focus on clinical, serologic, therapeutic and mechanistic aspects of four main drug culprits receiving attention of late, namely hydralazine, minocycline, propylthiouracil (PTU) and levamisole-adulterated cocaine.SummaryHydralazine, minocycline, propylthiouracil and levamisole-adulterated cocaine use should be closely considered in any patient where ANCA vasculitis is entertained given the wide use of these drugs in the community. Furthermore, medical practitioners should test urine for the presence of cocaine in any patient with presumed ANCA vasculitis, and if positive, then urine should also be tested for levamisole. Clinical features can be severe requiring not only drug cessation and supportive care, but also immunosuppression, plasma exchange in severe cases and dialysis as needed. Clinical trial investigators should strongly consider excluding patients with drug-induced forms of disease and mechanistic inroads are greatly needed in these secondary forms of disease to help elucidate the underlying cause and pathogenesis of ANCA vasculitis.
引用
收藏
页码:42 / 49
页数:8
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