Outcome of a First Episode of Bacterial Infection in Candidates for Liver Transplantation

Bacterial infection (BI) is a major cause of worsening of liver function and death in patients with cirrhosis who are awaiting liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of LT candidates after a first episode of BI between January 2006 and December 2014 at Padua University Hospital. Among 876 LT candidates with cirrhosis, 114 (13%) experienced an episode of BI. Of the 114 patients, 79 were male and 35 were female, and the median (interquartile range) age and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were 58 (12) years and 19 (8), respectively. When compared with matched LT candidates who experienced no BI, they had a higher probability of death (P = 0.004) and a lower probability of undergoing LT (P = 0.01). Considering only patients who recovered from BI within 30 days, their probabilities of death and of undergoing LT were similar to those of matched controls (P = 0.34 and P = 0.43, respectively). The 90-day post-LT mortality was equal between groups (P = 0.90). BI was a strong predictor of early death on the waiting list for LT. Conversely, patients who fully recovered from a BI episode within 30 days did not have a higher mortality risk than matched controls without infection.