Contact fatigue is one of the main factors leading to the failure of rolling bearings, and fatigue life test of rolling bearings is an important means for comprehensive evaluation of bearing quality. Firstly, the theoretical basis of contact fatigue of rolling bearings is introduced, and the factors leading to contact fatigue and failure modes of rolling bearings are briefly described. Then a testing system of rolling bearing contact fatigue testing machine is developed. By using modern testing means and computer signal processing technology, temperature rise, vibration, speed and friction torque of the test piece are monitored and recorded on-line. The test data under different working conditions are obtained through on-line feedback control of the computer intelligent data processing system, and various analysis methods are adopted, mainly using numbers. Word filtering and wavelet analysis are used to process the test data. At the same time, the structure of the emergency stop mechanism which can capture the initial fatigue state is designed. Finally, the fatigue test is carried out, and the simulation verification and evaluation are carried out.