Mitigation of Climate Change by Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Cement Industry

The cement industry is an energy intensive industry, and one of the largest carbon emitting industrial sectors. It is emitting 5 % of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, with especially high growth in Asia. While the energy efficiency of cement production has been increased significantly, the emissions can be further reduced by replacing conventional fossil fuels with alternative ones, mostly of waste origin. Due to the lower heating value of waste derived fuels than of the standardly used coal, the use of such fuels is possible where there is no need for very high process temperatures, e.g. in cement calciners where the desirable operating temperature is around 950 degrees C. Using waste derived fuels in cement calciners does not only reduce combustion related CO2 emissions in cement production by 10-30 %, depending on the amount of used waste derived fuels and the biogenic fraction in the used waste derived fuel, but is also an environmentally beneficial alternative to waste landfill disposal. However, incineration of high share of waste derived fuels in cement calciners still faces significant challenges. A possibility for the ex-ante control and investigation of the incineration process are Computational Fluid Dynamics - CFD simulations. Early comprehensive information, parametric studies and initial conclusions that can be gained from CFD simulations are very important in handling modern combustion units. The purpose of this paper is to present the benefit of using waste derived fuels in the cement industry, and to give some preliminary results on waste incineration numerical modelling.