From Charge Storage Mechanism to Performance: A Roadmap toward High Specific Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries through Carbon Anode Optimization

被引:515
作者
Saurel, Damien [1 ]
Orayech, Brahim [1 ]
Xiao, Biwei [2 ]
Carriazo, Daniel [1 ,3 ]
Li, Xiaolin [2 ]
Rojo, Teofilo [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] CIC energiGUNE, Parque Tecnol Alava,C Albert Einstein 48, Minano 01510, Spain
[2] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directory, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[3] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
[4] Univ Basque Country, UPV EHU, Dept Quim Inorgan, POB 664, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
关键词
charge storage mechanism; graphene; hard carbons; sodium-ion batteries; soft carbons; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; HARD-CARBON; LITHIUM-ION; HIGH-CAPACITY; LOW-COST; ELECTROCHEMICAL INSERTION; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; RATE CAPABILITY; SOFT CARBON;
D O I
10.1002/aenm.201703268
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
While sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a low-cost substitute for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), there are still several key issues that need to be addressed before SIBs become market-ready. Among these, one of the most challenging is the negligible sodium uptake into graphite, which is the keystone of the present LIB technology. Although hard carbon has long been established as one of the best substitutes, its performance remains below that of graphite in LIBs and its sodium storage mechanism is still under debate. Many other carbons have been recently studied, some of which have presented capacities far beyond that of graphite. However, these also tend to exhibit larger voltage and high first cycle loss, leading to limited benefits in terms of full cell specific energy. Overcoming this concerning tradeoff necessitates a deep understanding of the charge storage mechanisms and the correlation between structure, microstructure, and performance. This review aims to address this by drawing a roadmap of the emerging routes to optimization of carbon materials for SIB anodes on the basis of a critical survey of the reported electrochemical performances and charge storage mechanisms.
引用
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页数:33
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